Smart cities are no longer a futuristic concept—they are steadily becoming a global reality. From intelligent traffic systems and automated street lighting to connected public services and environmental monitoring, the Internet of Things (IoT) is reshaping urban life. The core of this transformation lies in billions of interconnected devices that gather and exchange real-time data to optimize infrastructure, enhance services, and improve quality of life. As cities continue to expand, both in population and complexity, IoT is poised to be the backbone of next-generation urban ecosystems.
At the foundation of smart cities lies infrastructure—the physical and digital architecture that connects IoT devices and facilitates seamless communication. Streetlights, waste bins, traffic lights, energy meters, water systems, and public transportation are increasingly embedded with sensors and microcontrollers. These devices continuously collect environmental and usage data that help city managers make informed decisions. For example, traffic sensors can adjust signal timings dynamically to reduce congestion, while smart meters can monitor electricity or water usage and detect leaks in real time.
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