The Quadruple Marker Test is a prenatal screening test done during the second trimester of pregnancy, usually between the 15th and 20th weeks. It helps evaluate the risk of certain genetic disorders and birth defects in the unborn baby. The test measures four substances in the pregnant woman’s blood to assess whether the baby is likely to have conditions like Down syndrome (Trisomy 21), Trisomy 18, or neural tube defects such as spina bifida.
It is important to remember that this test does not diagnose a problem; it only shows if there is a higher or lower risk, which helps doctors decide if further tests are needed.
What Does the Quadruple Marker Test Measure?
The test measures the levels of four specific substances in the mother’s blood:
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Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP): A protein made by the baby’s liver. Abnormal levels may indicate neural tube defects or chromosomal issues.
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Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG): A hormone produced by the placenta. High levels may suggest an increased risk of Down syndrome.
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Unconjugated Estriol (uE3): A hormone made by the baby and placenta. Low levels may be linked to chromosomal abnormalities.
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Inhibin A: Another hormone produced by the placenta. High levels can be associated with a higher risk of Down syndrome.
Doctors also consider the mother’s age, weight, ethnicity, and weeks of pregnancy when analyzing the results.
Why is the Quadruple Marker Test Important?
This test helps detect possible health concerns early, giving parents and doctors time to plan for additional care or testing. It’s especially useful for:
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Women over 35 years of age
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Those with a family history of genetic disorders
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Pregnancies where earlier screening was missed
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Pregnant women with abnormal ultrasound findings
How is the Test Done?
The test is very simple and safe:
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A blood sample is taken from the mother’s arm.
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No fasting or special preparation is required.
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It is non-invasive and poses no risk to the baby.
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Results are usually available within a few days.
Understanding the Results
The test will classify your pregnancy as low risk or high risk for certain conditions:
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A low-risk result means your baby is less likely to have a problem.
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A high-risk result does not confirm a disorder but suggests that more tests like amniocentesis or NIPT may be needed.
Your doctor or a genetic counselor will help explain the results and guide you through any next steps.
Conclusion
The Quadruple Marker Test is a helpful tool during pregnancy to screen for certain birth defects and genetic conditions. It is safe, simple, and provides valuable information that helps parents make informed decisions. If you are in your second trimester, talk to your doctor about whether this test is right for you.
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